IEF anode buffer has a 50X concentration and this anode buffer is used for isoelectric focusing. It has a pH value of 2.4. A concentration of 1X contains 7 mM phosphoric acid, dilute this buffer with deionized water to make 1X. IEF is a sensitive technique that is affected by many factors. The optimized pre-mixed IEF buffers reduce variability and ensures consistent results.